Biology, husbandry, diseases, and research applications. The general rearing practice for zebrafish in research is to introduce new stocks via. While mice and rats have been common choices for modeling human diseases in the past, the use of zebrafish. Afsfhs american fisheries societyfish health section fhs blue book. This allows for the possibility of applying the same principles and methods.
Additional information of the diseases that affect laboratory zebrafish can be found in the online manual, diseases of zebrafish in. We show that ret mutant zebrafish exhibit cellular, physiological and genetic. Use siphon tips with a length that corresponds to the size of the tank. Establishment of infection models in zebrafish larvae danio rerio. As a vertebrate, the zebrafish has the same major organs and tissues as humans. Zebrafish as a disease model in addition to serving as a genetic model for many developmental disorders, zebrafish have also become a popular model for a variety of diseases. They can range from standard, as defined in the zebrafish book 6 or. We developed and validated a deep learningbased imageanalysis platform for automated extraction of volumetric parameters of cardiac function from dynamic lightsheet fluorescence. In zebrafish, the central nervous system follows the general ground plan of a vertebrate brain in terms of morphology and composition. In the past two decades, zebrafish has become one of the preferred in vivo model organisms for studying diverse processes like embryogenesis 8, 9, autophagy, behaviour 11, 12 and sleep. National institute of child health and human development national institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases national cancer institute national center for research resources national eye institute national heart, lung, and blood institute national human genome.
All new fish are to be checked daily for two weeks for signs of illness. General methods for zebrafish care cleaning tanks source. Scientists use a variety of laboratory techniques to investigate the genetic cause of human diseases. The zebrafish has often been referred to as danio rerio, but more recent molecular studies have suggested that it should belong.
This new volume on disease models and chemical screens, covers two rapidly emerging and compelling applications of the zebrafish. Research often utilizes patients cells or tissue samples, but to determine if a mutation in a specific gene can cause a patients symptoms, we often need experimental animal models. We look at the use of zebrafish embryos as disease models, taking fetal. Apr 15, 2009 the zebrafish is increasingly being used for the functional annotation of human disease genes as well as to model the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying pathological processes. Diseases of zebrafish in research facilities zirc public. The most rigorous of these is laparotomy, in which gametes are surgically removed from adult zebrafish and. The zebrafish danio rerio is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family cyprinidae of. Native to south asia, it is a popular aquarium fish, frequently sold under the trade name zebra danio and thus often called a tropical fish although both tropical and subtropical. Hardcopies of the 4th edition of the zebrafish book can be obtained for a nominal fee from the zebrafish international resource center, 5274 university of oregon, eugene, or 97403 usa. However, they are susceptible to oodinium or velvet disease, microsporidia. General methods for zebrafish care keeping track of stocks source. Aggregationprone gfap mutation in alexander disease. A novel zebrafish model enables genetic studies of.
For instance, zebrafish with the mutated myo18b gene can serve as a model for human myopathy. Unbiased prediction of genephenotype relationships offers a strategy to. The recent rapid adoption of zebrafish as human disease models is making. We then used each of the generated computational models one for. Jan 12, 2017 a novel zebrafish ret heterozygous model of hirschsprung disease identifies a functional role for mapk10 as a modifier of enteric nervous system phenotype severity, plos genetics 2016.
National institute of child health and human development national institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases national cancer institute national center for research resources national eye institute national heart, lung, and blood. In recent years, use of the zebrafish system has extended into studies in behaviour, immunology and toxicology, retaining the concept that it will serve as a model for human disease. Additional information of the diseases that affect laboratory zebrafish can be found in the online manual, diseases of zebrafish in research facilities. A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish danio rerio.
Robotic injection of zebrafish embryos for highthroughput. It surveys the methods that are available to zebrafish researchers to generate models of both genetic and acquired human diseases. Disease models and chemical screens issn book 105 kindle edition by detrich iii, h. Receive an update when the latest chapters in this book series are published. The zebrafish as an animal model for development and disease research release date. Although not all types of disease and pathology are covered here, the following discussion and the examples in table 3 outline a range of zebrafish models. This ovalshaped parasite attaches to the fish near the fins. Chapter 12 infectious disease modeling and innate immune function in zebrafish embryos chao cui, erica l. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have made it significantly easier to find the genetic roots of rare hereditary pediatric diseases. The following is a description of a database which runs on a macintosh computer and that is presently being used at the university of oregon. A novel zebrafish ret heterozygous model of hirschsprung. During the f1 outbreak, several egg disinfection methods were trialed, and a protocol was devised by adapting protocols described in chang et al. Various attributes of the organism lend themselves to these studies, in particular the ease with which gene function can be manipulated together with the.
Overview of a disease outbreak and introduction of a step. Many advantages of zebrafish biology make it an attractive model for researchers. The zebrafish danio rerio is a powerful model organism for the study of vertebrate biology, being well suited to both developmental and genetic analysis. The journal will serve as a forum for papers discussing research on comparative genomics and evolution, the genetic analysis of embryogenesis and disease and the.
It has a sistergroup relationship with danio aesculapii. Animal models of cardiovascular disease are key players in the translational medicine pipeline used to define the conserved genetic and molecular basis of disease. Montgomery siphon cleaning by vacuuming the bottoms of all tanks at least once per week. The fish could include a wildtype strain, or a mutant or transgenic line. Disease models and chemical screens, fourth edition, the latest volume in the methods in cell biology series, looks at methods for analyzing genetics, genomics, and transcriptomics of zebrafish. Many diseases cause enlargement or discoloration of the kidney, but this may be difficult to see in zebrafish due to their small size. May 21, 1998 the zebrafish as an animal model for development and disease research release date. The zebrafish, danio rerio, has emerged as a premier vertebrate model system for investigating the molecular basis of heart development and assessing therapeutic potential of small molecules,14,15. Although the zebrafish embryo is a powerful animal model of human heart failure, the methods routinely employed to monitor cardiac function produce rough approximations that are susceptible to bias and inaccuracies. Recently, zebrafish has sparked interest in other branches of the biomedical research because of its emerging potential for drug discovery in various disease models. Diseases of zebrafish in research facilities zirc public wiki. Zebrafish disease models are annotated in zfin through a combination of fish, experimental conditions and terms from the disease ontology. Furthermore, even when the mapping results are unambiguous, the affected gene might be of. Several of the most common diseases that affect zebrafish are discussed briefly below.
Westerfield to keep fish in good breeding condition it is best to feed them a variety of foods. The zebrafish, danio rerio, has come to the forefront of biomedical research as a powerful model for the study of development, neurobiology, and genetics of humans. Fish diseases protocols zfin community wiki general. The zebrafish in biomedical research sciencedirect. All incoming fish are examined and, if necessary, treated for velvet disease. The use of zebrafish danio rerio as a model organism began in the 1960s. The growing interest in zebrafish research was paralleled by an increase in tools and methods.
Methods in cell biology the zebrafish disease models. Apr 23, 2019 the first instance of clinical signs of disease and mortalities began to occur within a few weeks postvie tagging, which escalated over the following months. The zebrafish is one such model that holds tremendous promise to increase our understanding of vertebrate biology. A corner stone for control of infectious diseases in laboratory animals, particularly. Methods and protocols, second edition guides readers through methods for mutagenesis and genome editing in zebrafish, applications of gfpexpressing transgenic fish, techniques for cancer models, imaging of infection and hostpathogen interactions, metabolism and transport of lipids, and the structure and function of neural circuits. The zebrafish is a tropical fish native to southeast asia. Russell an easy and efficient way to keep track of zebrafish stocks is to use a computer database. The great limitation of those methods is that they require the sacrifice of the. Genome organization and the pathways involved into control of signal. Fish pathology and health protocols zfin community wiki. Construction of transgenic zebrafish is rather easy by a method using the tol2 transposon system. Advances in the study of heart development and disease using.
More recently, the rapid progress of various zebrafish genomics infrastructure initiatives is facilitating the development of zebrafish models of human disease. Alexander disease axd is an astrogliopathy that predominantly affects the white matter of the central nervous system cns, and is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the glial fibrillary acidic protein gfap, an intermediate filament primarily expressed in astrocytes and ependymal cells. Coronary artery disease accounts for the highest percentage of cvd deaths and stroke. In fish, it causes motile aeromonas septicaemia mas, a disease that leads to. Feed manually ground dry or moist trout pellets ranger 14 inch brood food or oregon wet pellets as well as dry flake food like tetra brand available at most pet stores. Avoid mixing fish from different tanks as much as possible. Cell and developmental biology ebook written by monte westerfield, leonard i. While the general breeding and handling of zebrafish are detailed in the zebrafish book 15, this article highlights the important tools and methodology available in zebrafish research such as microinjection, morpholino knockdown and transplantation. Reverse genetic screening has been highly useful for determination of gene function, but is untenable as a systematic approach in vertebrate model organisms given the number of surveyable genes and observable phenotypes. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read essential zebrafish methods.
The wide sharing of techniques, reagents, and fish lines with in the zebrafish. Jul 02, 2012 zebrafish share a high genetic similarity to humans, and approximately 70% of all human disease genes have functional homologs in zebrafish. Three general methods are used to acquire zebrafish embryos for gnotobiotic experiments. Cardiovascular disease cvd is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Methods for assessing drug safety and toxicity offers a practical guide for using zebrafish as a tool for toxicology studies. Multiple, whitish cysts in the visceral organs is suggestive of mycobacterium infections. Deep learning enables automated volumetric assessments of. Zebrafish are also closely related to the genus devario, as demonstrated by a phylogenetic tree of close species. Consolidating key protocols and approaches to help researchers navigate the important and evolving field of zebrafish models for toxicity screening, this new title describes the methods for using the zebrafish as a model organism to assess compoundinduced. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the zebrafish. Zebrafish as a model for infectious disease and immune.
Current methods in zebrafish research gene tools, llc. To understand the pathophysiology and genetics of hscr we developed a unique zebrafish model that allows combined genetic, developmental and in vivo physiological studies. Methods for generating and colonizing gnotobiotic zebrafish. Modeling cardiovascular development and disease in zebrafish. Recently, zebrafish has sparked interest in other branches of the biomedical research. Zebrafish models of cardiovascular disease springerlink. However, they are susceptible to oodinium or velvet disease, microsporidia pseudoloma neurophilia. Comprehensive functional annotation of vertebrate genomes is fundamental to biological discovery. The zebrafish is increasingly being used for the functional annotation of human disease genes as well as to model the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying pathological processes. Chapters cover such topics as genetrap mutagenesis, genetic screens for mutations, gene editing in zebrafish, homologous gene targeting, genomewide rna tomography, developmental. General methods for zebrafish care fish diseases source. These novel methods are not panaceas, however, and they often give ambiguous results, highlighting multiple possible causative mutations in affected patients.
Matthews from zebrafish book 5th edition most disease problems in zebrafish can be avoided by utilizing good quarantine practices and maintaining optimal environmental conditions. Expert manual curation of zebrafish models of human disease is another way in which zfin supports human disease model discovery. Mycobacteria are nonmotile, weakly staining grampositive, pleomorphic rods that are acidfast. Nov, 2008 three general methods are used to acquire zebrafish embryos for gnotobiotic experiments. The journal will serve as a forum for papers discussing research on comparative genomics and evolution, the genetic. Overview of a disease outbreak and introduction of a stepby. We developed and validated a deep learningbased imageanalysis platform for automated extraction of volumetric parameters of cardiac function from dynamic light. Congenital heart diseases chds are the most common type of human birth defect and feature structural abnormalities that arise during cardiac development and maturation. Especially promising for disease studies in general is the use. The zebrafish danio rerio is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family of the order cypriniformes. Apr 09, 2016 zebrafish are used to model human heart disease through hypothesisdriven reverse approaches functional characterization of candidate genes and cardiotoxicity models 102,103 and datadriven, forward approaches random mutagenesis, forward genetic screens, high throughput small molecule screens, which contribute to understanding the. The development of facile transgenics and targeted gene editing methods together with cell. Establishment of infection models in zebrafish larvae.
Development and maintenance of a specific pathogen free spf. The zebrafish is a derived member of the genus brachydanio, of the family cyprinidae. Mycobacteriosis, often incorrectly called fish tuberculosis or fish tb, is a common disease of laboratory zebrafish as well as wild and captive fishes worldwide. Zebrafish have several key advantages over other vertebrate model systems that are inherent to their biology figure 1 a. Zebrafish have a similar genetic structure to humans. The zebrafish book a guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish danio brachydanio rerio by monte westerfield, institute of neuroscience, university of oregon older literature referred to zebrafish as brachydanio rerio. Many infectious organisms are opportunistic in nature and are a. Disease models and chemical screens, volume 8 4th edition. The easiest strategy for combatting disease is prevention by minimizing contact between fish and water in different tanks. A simple, rapid and inexpensive method that gives sufficient yield and purity for most pcr applications is to transfer the tail clip or embryo to a 1.
We implemented a machine learning procedure based on a diverse collection of largescale datasets to predict phenotypes resulting from loss of gene function across the zebrafish genome. The most significant risk factors associated with the development of heart diseases include genetic and environmental factors such as hypertension, high blood cholesterol levels, diabetes, smoking, and obesity. Methods for assessing drug safety and toxicity wiley. Hirschsprung disease hscr is characterized by absence of enteric neurons from the distal colon and severe intestinal dysmotility. Our knowledge of the diseases of zebrafish is relatively limited compared to those of food fishes reared in aquaculture.
The study of zebrafish as a leading model organism for developmental biology is rapidly expanding. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. There are several methods for obtaining genomic dna from tail clips provided in the zebrafish book. Coronary artery disease accounts for the highest percentage of cvd deaths and stroke, cardiomyopathies. The principle objective of this pa is to continue to promote the zebrafish as an animal model for the study of development, organ formation, behavior, aging, and disease research. While the general breeding and handling of zebrafish are detailed in the zebrafish book 9, this article highlights the important tools and methodology available in zebrafish research such as microinjection, morpholino knockdown, and transplantation. Zebrafish are highly susceptible to velvet disease, oodinium pillularis, a parasitic dinoflagellate algae. Walker for any large colony of fish, precautions should be taken to prevent the spread of epidemic disease. Their muscle, blood, kidney and eyes share many features with human systems. Zebrafish methods and protocols koichi kawakami springer. While the general breeding and handling of zebrafish are detailed in the zebrafish book 9, this article highlights the important tools and methodology available in zebrafish research such as microinjection, morpholino knockdown, and transplantation, and discusses their applications. Zebrafish danio rerio is a fresh water fish that inhabits rivers in india, pakistan and other places in asia. The purpose of this manual is to provide an overview of the common diseases of zebrafish as they occur in research facilities.
Zebrafish danio rerio are the second most popular animal model used in medical research after rodents. Robotic injection of zebrafish embryos for highthroughput screening. A novel zebrafish ret heterozygous model of hirschsprung disease identifies a functional role for mapk10 as a modifier of enteric nervous system phenotype severity, plos. A combined guiltbyassociation and guiltbyprofiling learning procedure predicts a broad range of genephenotype associations. Many infectious organisms are opportunistic in nature and are a normal part of the aquatic ecosystem. The main pathologic feature of axd is the presence of rosenthal fibers rfs, homogeneous.